![]() ![]() Crazy Horse, a Lakota chief, warrior of great renown, and Black Elk’s second cousin, is murdered by Wasichus in 1877 while resisting arrest. government and a series of broken treaties, Wasichus continue to take over Indian land and, increasingly, Indians are forced to either live on government agencies or starve to death. The battle is a success for Black Elk’s people, but their problems continue nonetheless.īacked by the U.S. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills and the development of the Transcontinental Railroad ultimately leads to the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, a war waged between Plains Indians and U.S. Tensions continue to mount between the Indians and the Wasichus as Black Elk grows older, with more Wasichus moving west in search of wealth. Still, Black Elk grows increasingly forlorn when he isn’t able to fully act on the powers given to him in his vision. Black Elk isn’t the same after his vision: he feels lost and confused by the higher calling given to him in the vision, and he’s also afraid to tell anybody what he’s seen, for fear that they won’t believe him.Īs Black Elk grows up, he continues to receive advice from voices, which often alert him to the presence of dangers lurking nearby. ![]() Whirlwind Chaser tells Black Elk’s parents that there is something special about him. The Grandfathers send Black Elk back to earth and tell him to use his power and knowledge to help his people and restore their nation’s sacred hoop.īlack Elk regains consciousness and finds himself in his tepee with his parents, who tell him he’s been sick for 12 days, but that a medicine man named Whirlwind Chaser, who is Standing Bear’s uncle, cured him. In his vision, Black Elk sees his people being forced to march down a black road of war and destruction. The Grandfathers explain that they summoned forth Black Elk to give him sacred objects and the power to heal and to save his people. In this highly symbolic vision, Black Elk is transported into a cloud world, where he meets Six Grandfathers in a tepee with a rainbow at its door. One night, he loses consciousness and has his first, great vision. When Black Elk is nine years old, he becomes very ill. Black Elk grows up fearing that the Wasichus will take over his land, kill his people, and destroy their way of life.īlack Elk is five years old the first time he hears voices in the clouds, though he is too afraid to tell anybody about them. He speaks of his early childhood years, which were darkened by the looming threat of the Wasichus (white people) moving westward in pursuit of gold and wealth. Black Elk explains that he is a Lakota of the Ogalala band. ![]() He tells his audience that the story he will tell isn’t only of his life, but of all life. He offers the pipe to the Great Spirit and asks the Spirit for knowledge before passing it around to his audience. The narrative begins with Black Elk ceremoniously lighting the peace pipe. The book is based on transcripts from conversations held between the book’s author, John Neihardt, and Black Elk. Black Elk Speaks tells the life story of Black Elk, a Lakota medicine man, visionary, and spiritual leader, as he reflects on the destruction of his culture as a result of American westward expansion, as well as his failure to enact his visionary powers to save his people and preserve their way of life. ![]()
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